General introduction
Basic seismic data processing
- Explanation of the seismic method
- Seismic acquisition, different gathers, basics land and marine acquisition
- Post-stack seismic-data processing flow to create a seismic image:
- Common-midpoint sorting
- Normal-moveout correction
- Stack
- Zero-offset migration
- Time-to-depth conversion
- Time or depth migration
- Drawbacks of post-stack processing
- Intro pre-stack migration and velocity analysis
Wavefield extrapolation, pre-stack migration, and velocity analysis
- Wavefield extrapolation via Rayleigh II
- Wavefield extrapolation via the f-k domain
- (V(z)) migration
- Shot record migration
- Recursive extrapolation in varying media
- Pre-stack shot migration
- One-way wave-equation migration
- Reverse-time migration
- Velocity-model estimation
- Traveltime tomography
- migration-velocity analysis
Filtering
f-k
filtering- Radon filtering
- Linear Radon
- Multiple-removal via parabolic Radon transform
- Parabolic versus hyperbolic Radon
- Deconvolution
Seismic data acquisition
- Marine acquisition
- Challenges of 3D acquisition
- Wide-azimuth marine acquisition
- Coil sampling
From processing to inversion
- Forward and inverse problems
- Over and underdermined problems
- Pseudo/generalized inverses
- Least-squares and damped least-squares inversion
- Convolution/correlation, Radon, and NMO in tems of linear operators (matrices)
- Forward and adjoint operations and the 'dot test’ a la Jon Claerbout
- Pseudo inverse and regularization
- Deconvolution as an inversion problem ('matrix inverse’)
- Forward operator for NMO and least-squares NMO
- Removing multiples by high-resolution Radon transform
Compressive sensing
- Nyquist sampling and aliasing
- Exploiting structure is seismic data by transform-domain sparsity promotion
- Basics of Compressive Sensing
- Design principles of Compressive Sensing
- Application of Compressive Sensing to Exploration Seismology
- Jittered sampling of shots
- Simultaneous 'land’ acquisition by summing randomly weighted shots
- Simultaneous 'marine’ acquisition with time-dithered sources
Linearized inversion
- Introduction linearized amplitude versus offset/angle inversion
- Linearization of the reflection and transmission coefficients w.r.t. contrasts in density, compressional, and shear wavespeeds.
- Convolutional model for seismic reflectivity
- Relation between amplitudes of seismic data in the Radon domain and the linearized reflection coefficient.
- Practical workflow for linearized inversion of amplitude-versus-offset data.
RTM & FWI
- Basics of reverse-time migration (RTM) and full-waveform inversion (FWI) via the adjoint state method from physical and mathematical perspectives
- Derivation of expressions for the Jabobian and its adjoint
- Migration as the gradient of FWI
- Least-squares migration as the Gauss-Newton Hessian of FWI
- FWI with gradient descents
- FWI with Gauss-Newton
- Latest developments